The compressible inclusion function of EPS geofoam

Abstract

This paper summarizes the state of knowledge for using expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam where the primary geosynthetic function provided by the geofoam is compressible inclusion. In general, a compressible inclusion is any material that compresses readily under an applied stress or displacement compared to other materials in contact with, or in the vicinity of, the compressible inclusion. Geotechnical applications for a compressible inclusion include behind earth-retaining structures; around formation elements;; and above pipes, culverts, and tunnels. Using a compressible inclusion can result in significant reduction of earth pressures under static and dynamic loading. A compressible inclusion can also be used to accommodate ground or structure movement. Using a compressible inclusion can be cost-effective for both new construction as well as rehabilitating or upgrading existing structures. Numerous examples are used to illustrate these applications. Because of the inherent multi-functional nature of EPS, there can be additional benefits such as thermal insulation and concomitant cost-savings when EPS geofoam is used as a compressible inclusion.