Abstract
The elemental composition, mineral composition and physical structure of reverse osmosis foulant deposits formed from Rand Water Board (RWB) water were investigated. Most deposits comprised complex mixtures which included organics, colloidal clays, quartz, and iron zinc compounds. The finely divided clays were layered, orientated semi-parallel to the membrane surface and interwoven with organic matter. They were easily scraped off the membrane and were substantially soluble in strong alkali. It is suggested that RWB fouling may be ameliorated by turbulent flushing, flow reversal, sponge ball cleaning and alkali cleaning solutions. A simplified procedure for analysing foulant deposits is also proposed.
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