Abstract
Population mobility, increasing demand for transportation, and the complexity of land use have an impact on environmental quality degradation and air quality pollution. This study aims to analyze (1) the effect of population mobility, increased traffic volume, and land use change on air quality pollution, (2) direct and indirect effects of urban activities, transportation systems, and movement patterns on environmental quality degradation and air pollution index, and (3) air pollution strategy and sustainable urban environmental management. The research method used is a sequential explanation design. Data were obtained through observation, surveys, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study illustrate that the business center and Daya terminal with a value of 0.18 µgram/m3 is polluted, the power plant and Sermani industrial area with a value of 0.16 µgram/m3 is polluted, the Makassar industrial area with a value of 0.23 is heavily polluted, and the Hasanuddin International Airport area with a value of 0.04 µgram/m3 is not polluted. Population mobility, traffic volume, and land use changes have a significant effect on environmental quality degradation, with a determination coefficient of 94.1%. The direct effect of decreasing environmental quality on the air pollution index is 66.09%. This study recommends transportation management on the main road corridor of Makassar City, which is environmentally friendly with regard to sustainable environmental management.
Highlights
Excess urbanization followed by an increase in socio-economic activity, in the case of large and metropolitan cities in Asia, is characterized by a population increase of 24% annually
Urbanization is directly related to economic growth and expansion of the core city towards the suburban area [2]
The complexity of land use and the high volume of traffic, coupled with an increase in community social activities, has an impact on increasing air pollution produced by vehicle exhaust gases, which leads to a decrease in environmental quality
Summary
Excess urbanization followed by an increase in socio-economic activity, in the case of large and metropolitan cities in Asia, is characterized by a population increase of 24% annually. The large cities in Asia have a tendency to rely on an economic growth magnet that is dominant and centrally developed in urban areas. Urbanization is directly related to economic growth and expansion of the core city towards the suburban area [2]. The urbanization process, which is quite high and is not matched by controlling the use of space and increasing the welfare of society economically, has a positive contribution to the decline in environmental quality [3]. Expansion of urban areas due to an increase in population and support for infrastructure development and transportation systems, apart from having an impact on environmental quality degradation, contributes to changes in land use [4,5]. It is predicted that 1.1 billion people will live in urban areas over the 20 years, and 55% of the population in Asia will live in cities [6]
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