Abstract
Age-related decline in hearing is the result of complex changes in audibility, suprathreshold processing, and cognition. Changes in cochlear structures, whether from biological aging of the structures themselves or secondary to intrinsic and extrinsic influences that occur with the passage of time, result in hearing sensitivity loss. The outward expression of the underlying disorder is fairly consistent. That is, loss of function of cochlear hair cells and other structures consistently manifest hearing sensitivity loss and the consequent deficits in audibility. Age-related changes in auditory nervous system structures may also play a role in overall hearing capability, although the outward expression of the disorder is likely to be subtler than cochlear loss in a given individual and considerably more variable among individuals. Regardless, the complex hearing disorder associated with the aging process can have a significant impact on overall wellness. This review article provides an overview of aging and age-related decline in audition, with an emphasis on speech perceptual deficits with aging.
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