Abstract
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02143934.
Highlights
Renewed emphasis on malaria control has resulted in substantial reductions in overall malaria prevalence and incidence in many endemic countries (World Health Organization, 2015)
P. vivax was the most common infection at enrolment with 48% of children positive by quantitative PCR, followed by P. falciparum (24%), P. malariae (15%) and P. ovale (3%; Table 2). 39% of children were not infected with any Plasmodium species at enrolment
Extending an earlier study in a neighboring area in which younger children had been enrolled, and that had identified molecular force of blood-stage infection (molFOB) as the most important predictor of malaria clinical episodes (Mueller et al, 2012; Koepfli et al, 2013), we confirmed that molFOB remains significantly associated with the risk for clinical episodes, but other factors such as age (P. vivax), or a mixed Pf/ Pv infection and village factors not captured by any of the other parameters assessed (P. falciparum) have a stronger effect on the risk for clinical malaria (Table 5 and 6)
Summary
Renewed emphasis on malaria control has resulted in substantial reductions in overall malaria prevalence and incidence in many endemic countries (World Health Organization, 2015). P. vivax and P. falciparum PCR-prevalence in the general population was reduced from 32% and 39% in 2006 to 13% and 18% in 2010 (Koepfli et al, 2015). Already before this decline in malaria prevalence, studies in PNG had reported significant heterogeneity in malaria transmission attributed to local population structure and geographical diversity (Hetzel et al, 2015; Cattani et al, 1986; Genton et al, 1995; Muller et al, 2003; Mueller et al, 2009a)
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