Abstract

This paper examines the ideas presented in the proposal of ―natural capitalism‖ by paying attention to three cases that exemplify the conflation of business and market ideals—such as profit and consumption—with environmental change: Whole Foods, Stonyfield Farm, and Walmart. While proponents of natural capitalism offer a mostly optimistic solution to our current environmental crisis that is synthesized by the power of markets, technology, and consumption to halt the perils of environmental degradation, a deeper criticism of these strategies reveals the inherent contradictions of the conflation of environment and capital and its seeming impossibility. While necessary, these critiques mostly fail to examine the complex discursive and political repercussions of actual manifestations of natural capitalism and realistic prescriptions for action. The main objective of this article, then, is to examine these two opposing viewpoints through a theory of articulation as a means for working toward ontology of environmental change.

Highlights

  • This paper examines the ideas presented in the proposal of ―natural capitalism‖ by paying attention to three cases that exemplify the conflation of business and market ideals—such as profit and consumption—with environmental change: Whole Foods, Stonyfield Farm, and Walmart

  • I will analyze ―natural capitalism‖—and its proposition that environmental change can be best achieved by business and markets through the conflation of environment and capital—in light of three recent cases that embody its ideals: Whole Foods Market, Stoneyfield Farm, and Walmart

  • Contextualizing the analysis within the theoretical framework of articulation, I frame these cases within current critiques of natural and green capitalism in order to bring forth the inherent tensions of balancing the need for environmental action against actual capital-driven measures and the practical limitations of current critique of the natural capitalism phenomenon

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Summary

Introduction

This paper examines the ideas presented in the proposal of ―natural capitalism‖ by paying attention to three cases that exemplify the conflation of business and market ideals—such as profit and consumption—with environmental change: Whole Foods, Stonyfield Farm, and Walmart. While proponents of natural capitalism offer a mostly optimistic solution to our current environmental crisis that is synthesized by the power of markets, technology, and consumption to halt the perils of environmental degradation, a deeper criticism of these strategies reveals the inherent contradictions of the conflation of environment and capital and its seeming impossibility. While necessary, these critiques mostly fail to examine the complex discursive and political repercussions of actual manifestations of natural capitalism and realistic prescriptions for action. The Copenhagen Climate Summit in 2009 exemplifies the political impact of the environment debate, with countries such as China, Great Britain, and the United States officially recognizing the perils of global warming and the scientific evidence for keeping temperatures from rising more than 2 Celsius

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