Abstract
Despite the advancements in cancer treatments, gastric cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In this context, it is of great interest to discover new and more effective ways of treating this disease. Accumulated evidences have demonstrated the amplification of 8q24.21 region in gastric tumors. Furthermore, this is the region where the widely known MYC oncogene and different microRNAs are located. MYC deregulation is key in tumorigenesis in various types of tissues, once it is associated with cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance. microRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate the protein translation, and which deregulation is related with gastric cancer development. However, little is understood about the interactions between microRNAs and MYC. Here, we overview the MYC role and its relationship with the microRNAs network in gastric cancer aiming to identify potential targets useful to be used in clinic, not only as biomarkers, but also as molecules for development of promising therapies.
Highlights
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and its incidence is very high mainly in Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America [1,2]
The alteration of the DNA methylation profile is considered to be associated with the H pylori inflammatory response, rather than the infection itself [81]. This infection participates in the regulation of MYC expression, which is necessary to gastric carcinogenesis occur (Figure 3), but its infection alone is insufficient to the disease establishment
MYC and other 8q24.21 genes are associated with GC development and progression
Summary
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and its incidence is very high mainly in Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America [1,2]. The plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) oncogene encodes a long noncoding RNA. The plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) oncogene encodes a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Compared with MYC, PVT1 is less studied, but it is involved in critical processes in cancer cells, including DNA rearrangements, genetic instability, microRNA (miRNA) encoding, and interacts with MYC itself [30,31,32,33]. MiRNA is a molecular class of small noncoding RNA of approximately 22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression through sequence complementarity with the target mRNA. This review updates and illustrates the oncogenic role of MYC in gastric carcinogenesis and its association with H. pylori infection, highlighting the network with miRNAs
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