The complete mitochondrial genome of the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda Holthuis, 1950 (Crustacean: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) revealed a novel rearrangement of tRNA genes

Abstract

The complete mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequence was determined for a ridgetail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda Holthuis, 1950 (Crustacea: Decopoda: Palaemonidae). The mt genome is 15,730 bp in length, encoding a standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes, which is typical for metazoans. The majority-strand consists of 33.6% A, 23.0% C, 13.4% G, and 30.0% T bases (AT skew = 0.057; GC skew = − 0.264). A total of 1045 bp of non-coding nucleotides were observed in 16 intergenic regions, including a major A + T rich (79.7%) noncoding region (886 bp). A novel translocation of tRNA Pro and tRNA Thr was found when comparing this genome with the pancrustacean ground pattern indicating that gene order is not conserved among caridean mitochondria. Furthermore, the rate of Ka/ Ks in 13 protein-coding genes between three caridean species is much less than 1, which indicates a strong purifying selection within this group. To investigate the phylogenetic relationship within Malacostraca, phylogenetic trees based on currently available malacostracan complete mitochondrial sequences were built with the maximum likelihood and Bayesian models. All analyses based on nucleotide and amino acid data strongly support the monophyly of Decapoda. The Penaeidae, Reptantia, Caridea, and Meiura clades were also recovered as monophyletic groups with strong statistical support. However, the phylogenetic relationships within Pleocyemata are unstable, as represented by the inclusion or exclusion of Caridea.