Abstract
We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of the pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, the largest fish of the Amazon basin, and economically one of the most important species of the region. The total length of the Arapaima gigas mitochondrial genome is 16,433 bp. The mitochondrial genome contains 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes. Twelve of the thirteen protein-coding genes are coded on the heavy strand, while nad6 is coded on the light strand. The Arapaima gene order and content is identical to the common vertebrate form, as is codon usage and base composition. Its control region is atypical in being short at 767 bp. The control region also contains a conserved ATGTA motif recently identified in the Asian arowana, three conserved sequence blocks (CSB-1, CBS-2 and CBS-3) and its 3' end contains long series of di- and mono-nucleotide microsatellite repeats. Other osteoglossiform species for which control region sequences have been published show similar control region characteristics.
Highlights
Comparing complete animal mitochondrial genome sequences is becoming an increasingly common method of phylogenetic reconstruction and of modeling genome evolution
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification was performed on total genomic DNA
One of the motivations of our study was to sequence the mitochondrial control region, and determine the factors which impeded its efficient use in phylogeographic and population genetic analyses (Hrbek et al, 2005)
Summary
Comparing complete animal mitochondrial genome sequences is becoming an increasingly common method of phylogenetic reconstruction and of modeling genome evolution. While the gene order among vertebrates is highly conserved (e.g., Inoue et al, 2001, 2003a; Miya et al, 2003), and most animal mitochondrial genomes contain the same 37 intron-less genes (Brown, 1985; Boore, 1999), there are some well documented exceptions such as the gene order of birds (Mindell et al, 1998; Haring et al, 2001), squamate reptiles (Macey et al, 1997a; Macey et al, 1997b), teleost fishes (Miya and Nishida, 1999; Inoue et al, 2003b), and mammals (Pääbo et al, 1991) These rearrangement to date have not been shown to be homoplaseous, and provide high quality phylogenetic information (Boore et al, 1997; Pereira, 2000; Morrison et al, 2002) similar to SINE and LINE data
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