Abstract
BackgroundTomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV) is a recently identified species in the genus Tobamovirus and was first reported from a greenhouse tomato sample collected in Mexico in 2013. In August 2013, ToMMV was detected on peppers (Capsicum spp.) in China. However, little is known about the molecular and biological characteristics of ToMMV.MethodsReverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid identification of cDNA ends (RACE) were carried out to obtain the complete genomic sequences of ToMMV. Sap transmission was used to test the host range and pathogenicity of ToMMV.ResultsThe full-length genomes of two ToMMV isolates infecting peppers in Yunnan Province and Tibet Autonomous Region of China were determined and analyzed. The complete genomic sequences of both ToMMV isolates consisted of 6399 nucleotides and contained four open reading frames (ORFs) encoding 126, 183, 30 and 18 kDa proteins from the 5’ to 3’ end, respectively. Overall similarities of the ToMMV genome sequence to those of the other tobamoviruses available in GenBank ranged from 49.6% to 84.3%. Phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of full-genome nucleotide and the amino acids of its four proteins confirmed that ToMMV was most closely related to Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). According to the genetic structure, host of origin and phylogenetic relationships, the available 32 tobamoviruses could be divided into at least eight subgroups based on the host plant family they infect: Solanaceae-, Brassicaceae-, Cactaceae-, Apocynaceae-, Cucurbitaceae-, Malvaceae-, Leguminosae-, and Passifloraceae-infecting subgroups. The detection of ToMMV on some solanaceous, cucurbitaceous, brassicaceous and leguminous plants in Yunnan Province and other few parts of China revealed ToMMV only occurred on peppers so far. However, the host range test results showed ToMMV could infect most of the tested solanaceous and cruciferous plants, and had a high affinity for the solanaceous plants.ConclusionsThe complete nucleotide sequences of two Chinese ToMMV isolates from naturally infected peppers were verified. The tobamoviruses were divided into at least eight subgroups, with ToMMV belonging to the subgroup that infected plants in the Solanaceae. In China, ToMMV only occurred on peppers in the fields till now. ToMMV could infect the plants in family Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae by sap transmission.
Highlights
Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV) is a recently identified species in the genus Tobamovirus and was first reported from a greenhouse tomato sample collected in Mexico in 2013
The genomes of YYMLJ, TiLhaLJ and 10–100 consisted of 6399 nucleotides with an additional “A” at nt 6212, compared with MX5 and NY-13, and encoded four open reading frames (ORFs)
The complete sequence of ToMMV Chinese isolates from pepper (Capsium spp.) and phylogenetic relationship among ToMMV and other tobamoviruses were described in this study
Summary
Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV) is a recently identified species in the genus Tobamovirus and was first reported from a greenhouse tomato sample collected in Mexico in 2013. Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV), a new species in the genus Tobamovirus, was recently identified infecting peppers in China in 2013 [5]. Based on a comparison of partial nucleotide sequence similarities, ToMMV probably was present already in Iran (HQ593616, JX112024, JX112025, JX121570, JX121574, JX121575, JX121576), Brazil (AF4 11922, AM411425, AM411430) [10], and China (JX025 564). These isolates, were identified as ToMV before ToMMV was characterized as a new Tobamovirus species. The isolate reported from Brazil (AF411922) might be the first sequence in the GenBank database corresponding to ToMMV [10]
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