Abstract
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae) is a deciduous tree widely distributed throughout temperate regions in China, hence suitable for genetic diversity and evolutionary studies. Previous studies in A. altissima have mainly focused on its biological activities, genetic diversity and genetic structure. However, until now there is no published report regarding genome of this plant species or Simaroubaceae family. Therefore, in this paper, we first characterized A. altissima complete chloroplast genome sequence. The tree of heaven chloroplast genome was found to be a circular molecule 160,815 base pairs (bp) in size and possess a quadripartite structure. The A. altissima chloroplast genome contains 113 unique genes of which 79 and 30 are protein coding and transfer RNA (tRNA) genes respectively and also 4 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA) with overall GC content of 37.6%. Microsatellite marker detection identified A/T mononucleotides as majority SSRs in all the seven analyzed genomes. Repeat analyses of seven Sapindales revealed a total of 49 repeats in A. altissima, Rhus chinensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Leitneria floridana, while Azadirachta indica, Boswellia sacra, and Citrus aurantiifolia had a total of 48 repeats. The phylogenetic analysis using protein coding genes revealed that A. altissima is a sister to Leitneria floridana and also suggested that Simaroubaceae is a sister to Rutaceae family. The genome information reported here could be further applied for evolution and invasion, population genetics, and molecular studies in this plant species and family.
Highlights
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, a deciduous tree in the Simaroubaceae family, is widely distributed throughout temperate regions in China
The results reported here are congruent with the recent studies which showed that the trnH-GUG gene was situated in the LSC region in some species from order Sapindales, while the SSC/IRa border extends into the protein coding gene ycf1 with subsequent
The results reported here are congruent wit5hofth18e recent studies which showed that the trnH-GUG gene was situated in the LSC region in some species from order Sapindales, while the SSC/IRa border extends into the protein coding gene ycf1 with fsourbmsaetqiuonenotf faoyrmcf1atpiosenudoof gaenyecf[129p,3s0e]u. dDoegsepnitee [t2h9e,3s0ev].enDechsploitreoptlhaestsgeevneonmcehslorfoSpalpaisntdgaelensohmaevsinogf wSaeplli-ncodnasleesrvheadvginegnowmeilcl-sctornuscetruvredingteenrommsiocfsgteruncetuordeeirnatnedrmnsumofbegre,nlenogrtdhevraarniadtionnumofbtehre, wlehnoglteh cvhalroiraotipolnasot fgtehneomwheosleeqcuhelnocreosplaansdt gLeSnCo,mSeSCseaqnudenIcResreagnidonLsSwCa, sSSdCeteacntdedIRamreognigontshewseasgdenetoemcteesd
Summary
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, a deciduous tree in the Simaroubaceae family, is widely distributed throughout temperate regions in China It grows rapidly reaching heights of 15 m (49ft) in 25 years and can tolerate various levels of extreme environments (e.g., low temperatures, sterile soils, arid land). Simple sequence repeat (SSR) called microsatellite markers are known to be more informative and versatile DNA-based markers used in plant genetic research [22]. Phylogenetic relationship using protein coding genes from selected species, consisting of 31 species from five families was uncovered for the Simaroubaceae family within the order Sapindales This resource will be used to develop SSR markers for analyzing genetic diversity and structure of several wild populations of A. altissima
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