Abstract
In this work, Monte Carlo simulation was employed to investigate the competitive effect of non-magnetic defects and the thickness on the ferromagnetic behavior of Ising spins in a reduced geometry, i.e. thin-films. The magnetic properties were investigated as functions of temperature, defect concentration, and films’ thickness, especially in the ferromagnetic phase transition region. The finite size scaling was performed via the fourth order cumulant of the magnetization to extract the critical temperatures. From the results, the extracted critical temperatures agree well with previous theoretical investigation, where applicable. With increasing concentration of the nonmagnetic defects, the Ising phase-transition-point slightly shifts towards lower temperature, while the increase of films thickness enhances the critical temperature value. Being confirmed by the main-effect-plot analysis, the increase in thickness has much greater influences on the critical temperature than that of the defect concentration, which could be described in term of the average ferromagnetic interaction spin. As the role of the defect is negligence in the range of considered defect concentration (up to ten percent), it therefore suggests that the preparation of ferromagnetic films can be done in normal operating condition where defects usually occur. It may be not economically worth to aim for the perfectly smooth films when the associated application operates at temperatures away from the critical point.
Highlights
In ferromagnetic materials, one type of the defect that usually found under room temperature preparation is the non-magnetic defect, which could be formed from airinduced-vacancy or the contamination of non-magnetic materials
Previous studies found that an important role of the vacancy type defect is to lessen ferromagnetic interaction, which results in the decrease of the critical temperature TC [1]
These temperatures are not the Curie temperatures, as this word is reserved for the critical temperature of ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition at thermodynamic limit
Summary
One type of the defect that usually found under room temperature preparation is the non-magnetic defect, which could be formed from airinduced-vacancy or the contamination of non-magnetic materials. While increasing non-magnetic concentration tends to reduce ferromagnetic characteristic, the increasing of thickness in ferromagnetic thin-films tends to reflect the opposite phenomena. Any calculation based on the perfect defect-free materials will lead to inappropriate application design This emphasizes the importance of non-magnetic defect as well as the reduced geometry to be key factors to control the critical properties in ferromagnetic films. The study was firstly done by investigating how the overall ferromagnetic properties depend on temperature, films thickness, and non-magnetic defect concentration. The results were quantitatively compared with the previous applicable investigation
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