The competitive and selective adsorption of heavy metals by struvite in the Pb(II)-Cd(II)-Zn(II) composite system and its environmental significance

Abstract

The prevalence of struvite and other phosphate minerals in eutrophic environments has a significant effect on the transport and transformation of environmental heavy metals, but their competitive immobilization characteristics and mechanisms for heavy metals remain unclear. Three different sources of struvite (BS, CSHS, and CSS) were obtained respectively by biosynthesis and chemical synthesis with or without humic acid to investigate their competitive immobilization characteristics and mechanism of heavy metals in the Pb(II)-Cd(II)-Zn(II) composite system. The results showed that the immobilization of heavy metals by struvite is physico-chemical adsorption and the affinity (in descending order) is Pb(II) >> Cd(II)/Zn(II). Cd(II) promotes the immobilization of Pb(II)/Zn(II) by BS. The order of the selective strength by struvite for Pb(II) is BS >> CSS ≈ CSHS. The study indicates that the difference between struvite holding heavy metal ions is related to the material composition and heavy metal types, and BS shows best selective immobilization for Pb(II) in the Pb(II)-Cd(II)-Zn(II) composite system. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the environmental geochemical role and eco-environmental effects of struvite.