Abstract
The aim of the presented research was to analyze the accuracy indications of three types of compass systems for the purposes of meeting warship modernization requirements. The authors of this paper have made an attempt to compare the accuracy of an onboard standard gyrocompass, a fiber-optic gyrocompass (FOG) and a satellite compass in real shipping circumstances. The research was carried out in the Gulf of Gdansk area, during the preparation of hydrographic surveys on stable courses. Three heading recordings have been taken into consideration. The helmsman’s operation and vessel inertia were analyzed and removed according to a spectrum analysis. Transient characteristics and the spectrum analysis (based on the Fourier transform theory and headings descriptions in the frequency domain) are presented. Data, processed using a band-stop finite impulse response (FIR) filter to reduce low-frequency heading distortions, are presented for further analyses. The statistics of errors of the compasses investigated, as well as the spectrum of these errors, are also presented. Based on accuracy measurements, the possibility of using the most accurate heading data as the input signal to the automatic ship control system was considered.
Highlights
Despite being equipped with receivers of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA), and Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), contemporary ships still cannot sail without a compass
On the basis of parallel recordings made by the different devices installed on the same ship, the authors were able to investigate the uncertainty of measurements in the context of both amplitude and frequency
It was checked that the price indications of different compasses differed insignificantly
Summary
Despite being equipped with receivers of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA), and Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), contemporary ships still cannot sail without a compass. A magnetic compass (or compass, according to IMO terminology) is based on a 19th-century design, but nowadays is equipped with elements assuring transmission to contemporary digital devices. Gyrocompasses possess a number of similar limitations to their predecessor, except for the many advances made in the form of digital elements. According to their technical specifications, the satellite compass, gyrocompass and FOG compass. Marine Electronics Association Interface Standard for communication between According their technical specifications, the the satellite compass, gyrocompass. HDT (heading true) compass transmit National Marine Electronics Association Interface Standard for communication sentence. Thebetween station for signals recording consisted of a NAVIGAT and a satellite compass marine electronic devices (NMEA) 0183 messages with the HDG (heading gyro) or HDT. The1,station forwere signalsdeveloped recording consisted a FOG NAVIGAT.
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