Abstract
The research focused on the investigation of curcumin encapsulated in hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine liposomes and its increased photoactive properties in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The goal of this study was two-fold: to emphasize the role of a natural photoactive plant-based derivative in the liposomal formulation as an easily bioavailable, alternative photosensitizer (PS) for the use in PDT of skin malignancies. Furthermore, the goal includes to prove the decreased cytotoxicity of phototoxic agents loaded in liposomes toward normal skin cells. Research was conducted on melanoma (MugMel2), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-25), and normal human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cell lines. The assessment of viability with MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) evaluated cell death after exposure to blue light irradiation after 4 h of pre-incubation with free and encapsulated curcumin. Additionally, the wound healing assay, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry to detect apoptosis were performed. The malignant cells revealed increased phototoxicity after the therapy in comparison to normal cells. Moreover, liposome curcumin-based photodynamic therapy showed an increased ratio of apoptotic and necrotic cells. The study also demonstrated that nanocurcumin significantly decreased malignant cell motility following PDT treatment. Acquired results suggest that liposomal formulation of a poor soluble natural compound may improve photosensitizing properties of curcumin-mediated PDT treatment in skin cancers and reduce toxicity in normal keratinocytes.
Highlights
Non-melanoma skin cancers are generally represented by tumours from transformed keratinocytes: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
The effect of curcumin and liposome-curcumin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) was performed on skin cancer cell MUG-Mel2, SCC-25, and normal keratinocyte cells HaCaT
Results indicated that liposome curcumin-mediated PDT caused a significantly higher reduction of viability in both cancer cell lines than a free natural compound
Summary
Skin cancers are among the most widespread types of neoplasm, affecting people from less pigmented, Caucasian populations, usually more than 50 years of age [1]. Those malignancies are divided into two main subgroups composed of more lethal melanoma and more prevalent non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). There are other skin-related neoplasms, including Kaposi’s sarcoma, Merkel cell and adnexal carcinoma, cutaneous lymphoma, or dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Those conditions are not as common as NMSCs [2,3].
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