The Comparison of Examples of Deviation from Jurisdiction in the Criminal Procedures of Iran and France

Abstract

In criminal proceedings, in special circumstances, exceptions have been provided for to deviate from the competences of the judicial authorities, and the present study aims to compare these cases in Iranian and French criminal procedure. As for intrinsic jurisdiction, the findings indicate that in Iranian criminal procedure deviation from intrinsic jurisdiction is permitted in cases such as issuing a collective verdict and observing the rules of multiple crimes. In French criminal procedure, deviation from the inherent jurisdiction is possible in limited cases and only within the framework of a referral. Moreover, as regards the rule of diversion from local jurisdiction, the fact that, without exception, that rule cannot lead to favourable judicial review of criminal cases is common to both criminal proceedings. Indeed, the need to establish exceptions and violations of this rule in order to increase the efficiency of the judiciary is inevitable. Moreover, in both Iranian and French criminal proceedings, the basis for determining personal jurisdiction is the perpetrator, so that the criminal procedure has placed the investigation of certain persons under the jurisdiction of a specific authority.