The Comparative Diagnostic Features of Canine and Human Lymphoma.

Anne Avery,E. Ehrhart,Michael Linden,Davis Seelig

doi:10.3390/vetsci3020011

Anne Avery, E. Ehrhart + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci3020011

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Abstract

The non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous family of lymphoid malignancies that are among the most common neoplasms of both dogs and humans. Owing to shared molecular, signaling, incidence, and pathologic features, there is a strong framework supporting the utilization of canine lymphoma as a comparative, large animal model of human NHL. In alignment with the biologic similarities, the current approach towards the diagnosis and classification of canine lymphoma is based upon the human World Health Organization guidelines. While this approach has contributed to an increasing appreciation of the potential biological scope of canine lymphoma, it has also become apparent that the most appropriate diagnostic philosophy must be multimodal, namely by requiring knowledge of microscopic, immunophenotypic, and clinical features before establishing a final disease diagnosis. This review seeks to illustrate the comparative similarities and differences in the diagnosis of canine lymphoma through the presentation of the microscopic and immunophenotypic features of its most common forms.

Highlights

The non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous family of related, yet very distinct, lymphoid malignancies that are among the most common neoplasms in both human and dog
The true incidence of canine lymphoma is somewhat uncertain as most dogs with the disease are not reported, most studies agree that lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasm of the dog and among the three most common canine neoplasms [2,3,4,5,6]
The most recent data from a pet insurance study reports that the age-adjusted incidence of canine lymphoma has increased to 107 cases per 100,000 dogs at risk [8] whereas the incidence of human NHL has increased in the past four decades in both the USA and other countries, including a nearly doubling of the incidence rate between 1970 and 1990 [9]

Summary

Introduction

The non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous family of related, yet very distinct, lymphoid malignancies that are among the most common neoplasms in both human and dog. The most recent data from a pet insurance study reports that the age-adjusted incidence of canine lymphoma has increased to 107 cases per 100,000 dogs at risk [8] whereas the incidence of human NHL has increased in the past four decades in both the USA and other countries, including a nearly doubling of the incidence rate between 1970 and 1990 [9]. In addition to their shared incidence, there is a robust and ever-expanding literature describing the shared biologic, genetic, and, in accordance with this review, their shared pathology.

Incidence

Classification

Basic Histologic Approach

FNAC in the Diagnosis of Lymphoma

Precursor Neoplasms

T-Zone Lymphoma

B-Cell

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Mantle