The comparative analysis of the spectrum of sensitization to food, pollen and fungal allergens in patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis

Abstract

The relevance of the study of psoriatic disease is due to the insufficient effectiveness of existing etiotropic and pathogenetic methods of treatment, which confirms the necessity to search for new approaches in the research of psoriasis, including those from the standpoint of etiopathogenesis. In the literature, there is information about the combination of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, which does not exclude a commonality of the causes and mechanisms leading to damage to the skin. The aim of the work was to study and conduct a comparative analysis of the sensitization spectrum of patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis to food, pollen and fungal allergens. Material and methods. A prospective study was conducted on patients with psoriasis (1st, n=20) and atopic dermatitis (2nd group, n=20) aged 18 to 57 years. A specific allergological examination was performed (collection of an allergological history, determination of the spectrum of sensitization to food, pollen and fungal allergens by prick testing). Statistical data processing was carried out by methods of variational analysis using the t-criterion for qualitative characteristics. Results and discussion. No statistically significant differences in sensitization to allergens of animal origin between the examined groups were detected. The sensitization to rice and soy was statistically significantly more often noted in patients with psoriasis, in comparison with patients with atopic dermatitis: 33.3 (n=6/18) vs 5.2% (n=1/19), p=0.03 and 66.7 (n=10/15) vs 29.4% (n=5/17), p=0.04. It was determined that sensitization to plant pollen allergens was statistically significantly more often detected in patients with atopic dermatitis compared to the group with psoriasis (72.5 vs 54.4%, p=0.02). It was noted that in the group of patients with psoriasis compared to the group of patients with atopic dermatitis, sensitization to fungi of the genus Candida albicans, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium notatum was more often, however, the differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion. Thus, in our study, we determined the presence of sensitization to food, pollen and fungal allergens not only in patients with atopic dermatitis, but also in psoriasis. So, sensitization to food and pollen allergens is more often determined in atopic dermatitis, and to some food and fungal allergens - in psoriasis. Preliminary prick testing guides us in further application of other methods of specific allergological diagnostics: elimination and provocative tests, and the appointment of personalized therapy.