Abstract
In this experimental study, the performance of the diesel engine was analyzed for biodiesel derived from Calophyllum inophyllum. The impact of the addition of additives such as N-octanol and N-butanol with Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel has been assessed. Impact of the application of hybrid N-octanol and N-butanol with biodiesel on emission profile used for the engine performance has also been demonstrated. Response surface analysis of alcohol additives-biodiesel blend was performed separately in this study for the engine efficiency and emission profile. A combination of N-octanol and N-butanol presented the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and lowest carbon monoxide (CO) emission among the ternary blends of octanol. N-butanol-biodiesel blend presented the lowest hydrocarbon (HC) emission among the blends of N-butanol. N-octanol with 5 and 10% addition with biodiesel showed the lowest HC emissions among the blends of octanol. The response surface methodology (RSM) optimization revealed that the optimized thermal efficiency and emission were obtained at full load and minimum load, respectively. The addition of N-octanol hindered the emission at all loads, while N-butanol reduced it at higher loads. A strong correlation between the load and alcohol additives on the engine performance and emission profile has been obtained using the RSM optimization approach. The R-squared value obtained from the RSM was 0.92 and emission profile has been characterized.
Highlights
Diesel engines have become the primary transport source, in this technologically advanced era
All the results were obtained for different fuel blends by maintaining the engine speed at 1500 rpm, injection pressure at 500 bar and the main injection angle of 23◦ bTDC
An increase in the octanol content increased the air–fuel ratio because of the cooling effect of the octanol that increased the volumetric efficiency, which led to the induction a larger quantity of air compared to other blends without octanol
Summary
Diesel engines have become the primary transport source, in this technologically advanced era. Diesel fuel is well known for improving engine performance and reducing emissions in vehicles. This valuable resource has been exhausted due to the rapid and excessive use of diesel and other fossil fuels. The heavy use of fossil fuels increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that increased the global temperature contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer, thereby allowing. Due to the emissions of various noxious pollutants such as sulfur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon mono-oxides (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM) and smoke, excessive use of fossil fuels has caused biohazards [1,2]. Excessive use of fossil fuel has increased crude oil demand and market price on the global market.
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