Abstract
SummaryBackground/ObjectivesThe concept of dynapenic obesity has been gaining great attention recently. However, there is little epidemiological evidence demonstrating that dynapenic abdominal obese individuals have worse trajectories of disability than those with dynapenia and abdominal obesity alone. Our aim was to investigate whether dynapenia combined with abdominal obesity can result in worse trajectories of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among English and Brazilian older adults over eight and ten years of follow-up, respectively.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from 3374 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and 1040 participants from the Brazilian Health, Well-being and Aging Study (SABE) who were free from disability as assessed by IADL at baseline. IADL disability was defined herein as a difficulty to perform the following: preparing meals, managing money, using transportation, shopping, using the telephone, house cleaning, washing clothes, and taking medications according to the Lawton IADL modified scale. The study population in each country was categorized into non-dynapenic/non-abdominal obese (reference group), abdominal obese, dynapenic and dynapenic abdominal obese according to their handgrip strength (<26 kg for men and <16 kg for women) and waist circumference (>102 cm for men and >88 cm for women). We used generalized linear mixed models with IADL as the outcome.ResultsThe estimated change over time in IADL disability was significantly higher for participants with dynapenic abdominal obesity compared to those with neither condition in both cohorts (ELSA: 0.023, 95% CI = 0.012–0.034, p < 0.001; SABE: +0.065, 95% CI = 0.038–0.091, p < 0.001). Abdominal+obesity was also associated with changes over time in IADL disability (ELSA: +0.009, 95% CI = 0.002–0.015, p < 0.05; SABE: +0.021, 95% CI = 0.002–0.041, p < 0.05), which was not observed for dynapenia.ConclusionsAbdominal obesity is an important risk factor for IADL decline but participants with dynapenic abdominal obesity had the highest rates of IADL decline over time among English and Brazilian older adults.
Highlights
Muscle strength and muscle mass decline with aging, but heterogeneously in different groups [1]
Behavioral and clinical characteristics of both cohorts according to the dynapenia and abdominal obesity groups are shown in Tables 1 and 2
The prevalence of dynapenic abdominal obesity at baseline was 3.6% in English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and 6.9% in SABE. 3.7% of individuals in ELSA were dynapenic compared with 9.4% in SABE
Summary
Muscle strength and muscle mass decline with aging, but heterogeneously in different groups [1]. The complete mechanism that explains this decline and how it affects the muscle function is not fully understood [2,3]. There is strong evidence linking low muscle strength with incident mobility limitation, disability in instrumental and basic activities of daily living, and mortality [4e11]. T.S. Alexandre et al / Clinical Nutrition 37 (2018) 2045e2053 and muscle function has attracted interest in recent years [13e19]. Recent evidence has shown that fatty infiltration of muscle is an important component of low muscle strength and that abdominal obesity can reduce muscle strength through inflammatory and endocrine mechanisms [18e21]
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