Abstract
Climate change is the biggest problem that humanity has faced in recent decades, one of the main causes are the greenhouse gases (GHG). To mitigate it, it has been proposed and international agreement in Paris 2016, known as COP21 by several countries. On it, the Colombian government got engaged a 20% reduction on its GHG to achieve it they will focus on the energy sector and deforestation to zero in the Colombian Amazon. This article analyzes the implications and challenges of energy policies for GHG mitigation in Colombia related to opportunities in energy demand, electric power generation sources, smart grid systems, reduction on energy loss in transport, demand schemes and management of methane in carbon deposits. The main conclusion reached in this analysis is that in energy matters COP21 objectives will not be met, the strategies that the government has chosen are not well focused based on the emission source in the country, five of the six strategies have not yet been legislated and much less implemented. Being in the second semester of 2020, the objectives will not be met this year or in the short term, the government opted for strategies that could not have been achieved.Keywords: climate change, COP21, GEI.JEL Classifications: K2, O2, Q2, Q3DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10517
Highlights
Climate change (CC) is the most complex economic, environmental and social problem humanity has ever faced
In 2016, 80% of this was produced by fossil sources, while only 10.4% was produced by renewable energies, hydroelectric, biomass, solar, wind and biofuels, on 7.8% was generated by traditional biomass and 2.2% by nuclear (REN21, 2018)
This article presents the commitments made by Colombia before COP21, the methodology used by the Government to determine what the greenhouse gases (GHG) reduction will be, as well as the mitigation measures that it would carry out to meet the objectives
Summary
Climate change (CC) is the most complex economic, environmental and social problem humanity has ever faced. ENSO events depend essentially on the coupled interactions between the dynamics of the Pacific Ocean and the atmosphere in terms of heat exchange, as a result of variations in ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific and the associated atmospheric circulation (Neelin et al, 1990) It is an alternate phenomenon with two phases, the warm phase (El Niño) and the cold phase (La Niña), which occur every 3-7 years (NOAA Climate.gov, 2016) and its effects are opposite. This article presents the commitments made by Colombia before COP21, the methodology used by the Government to determine what the GHG reduction will be, as well as the mitigation measures that it would carry out to meet the objectives The efficiency of these measures is analyzed under the Colombian context in its economic and technical capacities and its form of emission. The evolution of these commitments in the institutional framework and their application in specific regulatory measures is presented
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