Abstract
The cohesin complex is a multi-subunit protein complex initially discovered for its role in sister chromatid cohesion. However, cohesin also has several other functions and plays important roles in transcriptional regulation, DNA double strand break repair, and chromosome architecture thereby influencing gene expression and development in organisms from yeast to man. While most of these functions rely on protein–protein interactions, post-translational protein, as well as DNA modifications, non-coding RNAs are emerging as additional players that facilitate and modulate the function or expression of cohesin and its individual components. This review provides a condensed overview about the architecture as well as the function of the cohesin complex and highlights its multifaceted interplay with both short and long non-coding RNAs.
Highlights
Spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression is a complex process that involves diverse players and has to be orchestrated on multiple layers
While the core complexes are very similar, individual subunits are being exchanged for their meiotic counterparts: instead of SA1/STAG1 or SA2/STAG2 the meiotic complex contains SA3/STAG3, SMC1A is substituted for SMC1B, and RAD21 is replaced by either the meiotic Recombination Protein 8 (REC8) or RAD21-Like protein 1 (RAD21L1) to form the final cohesin ring [22,23]
While SMC3, RAD21, PDS5B, and STAG2 are required for efficient suppression, loss of PDS5A or STAG1 does not affect gene transcription suggesting that PDS5B and STAG2-cohesin complexes have a specific role in transcription suppression at damaged DNA and chromatin regions [62]
Summary
Spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression is a complex process that involves diverse players and has to be orchestrated on multiple layers. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), i.e., transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides (nts), can execute a multitude of molecular mechanisms that can include direct RNA–RNA, RNA–DNA, or RNA–protein interactions. These interactions can alter the localization, translation, stability, or splicing of target transcripts, and lncRNAs have been shown to control larger gene expression networks [3,4]. Non-coding RNA 2021, 7, 67 gene expression control is of outmost importance in diverse developmental and physio of 17 logical processes. We will provide an overview about the cohesin complex and its architecture ture followed by a description of its diverse biological functions.
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