Abstract
Shore-side electricity can drastically reduce the emissions from fossil fuel-powered auxiliary engines of ships at berth. Data scarcity on the auxiliary power demand at berth has limited the scope and temporal resolution of previous studies to few ports and ships. We establish a novel method to estimate the auxiliary power demand at berth for 714 major ports in the European Economic Area (EEA) and the United Kingdom (UK). Therefore, emission report data from the Monitoring, Reporting and Verification scheme of the European Union and ship tracking data from the Automatic Identification System are combined.Annual emissions of 3 Mt (/ 5 Mt) CO2 could be avoided if the auxiliary power demand at berth would be supplied from national grids (/ from CO2-neutral electricity). This equals an average reduction of overall shipping emissions by 2.2% (3.7%), and requires only 0.2% (6.4 TWh) of the current electricity generation capacity of the EEA and the UK. Using shore-side electricity from the grid can also contribute to substantial annual local air pollution reductions of 86,431 t NOx, 4,130 t SOx, 1,596 t PM10, 4,333 t CO, 94 t CH4, 4,818 t NMVOC, and 235 t N2O.
Highlights
Within the European Green Deal, the European Union intends to ratchet up its GHG reduction targets
We find that 14% of the CO2 emissions from the Dutch Continental Shelf stem from auxiliary engines (AE) power use at berth, while 11% do for NOx, 10% for SOx, 7% for PM10, 11% for CH4, 23% for non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), 11% for CO, and 28% for N2O emissions
While ships stay in ports, they run auxiliary engines (AEs) in order to provide power for cargo handling operations
Summary
Within the European Green Deal, the European Union intends to ratchet up its GHG reduction targets. It sets out a GHG reduction target of 90% by 2050 [1]. Thereby, shipping has increasingly come to the fore by the EU, and by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The IMO aims for a GHG reduction of ‘‘at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008’’ values [2]. The EU demands in its Directive 2018/410/EU that ‘‘international shipping contributes its fair share to the efforts to achieve the objective’’ of the Paris Agreement [3]. Within the European transport sector, 11.2% of the emissions stem from shipping, with 142 Mt CO2 in 2018 reported in the Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV2) scheme of the EU [4,5]. With an expected tripling of the demand for shipping from 2015 to
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