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Abstract
The use of kinematic hardening is known to promote shear band formation as a result of increased yield surface curvature. Hence, the implementation of kinematic hardening in a Gurson-type model facilitates the combined effect of shear bands and voids on strain localization behaviour. An alternative formulation of the kinematic hardening Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) constitutive softening equations is presented herein. The resulting equations are implemented as a user material subroutine (umat) in the commercial finite element code LS-DYNA and the implementation is verified against published results. A numerical study is used to establish the role of various GTN parameters in the development of macroscopic shear localization during bending.
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