Abstract
An overview is given of the Lead Tungstate (PbWO/sub 4/) electromagnetic crystal calorimeter for the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva. This includes a description of the engineering design, the development of the calorimeter components, the read-out system and results obtained in particle beams.
Highlights
The CMS collaboration is preparing a high-precision electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) for its detector
Beyond the benefit of a homogeneous calorimeter, Lead Tungstate has been chosen for several reasons
For the detection of the PbWO4 scintillation light in the ECAL barrel, Silicon Avalanche Photodiodes (APD) have been chosen, since they are insensitive to magnetic fields, allowing operation in the 4 Tesla CMS solenoidal field, and since they have some internal gain, as needed with the modest light yield produced by the crystals
Summary
The CMS collaboration is preparing a high-precision electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) for its detector. Beyond the benefit of a homogeneous calorimeter, Lead Tungstate has been chosen for several reasons It has a fast scintillation emission, with a light decay time which matches the LHC bunch crossing time of 25 ns. The design is based on modularity and on the use of high-strength, low-Z materials, where alveolar submodules of 2 × 5 fiberglass cells containing individual crystals are the smallest units. These submodules will carry a reflective inner coating, yielding intercrystal gaps of < 500 μm. The endcap ECAL covers the pseudorapidity region 1.48 | η |< 3.0
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