The close pair fraction of BCGs since z = 0.5: major mergers dominate recent BCG stellar mass growth

Abstract

Using the redMaPPer (red-sequence Matched-filter Probabilistic Percolation) cluster catalogue based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometry, we investigate the importance of major mergers in the stellar mass build-up of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) between 0.08 ≤ z ≤ 0.50. We use the SDSS spectroscopy, supplemented with spectroscopic observations from the Southern African Large Telescope at higher redshifts, to identify which BCGs and nearby companions are potential major merger candidates. We use the pair fraction as a proxy for the merger fraction in order to determine how much stellar mass growth the BCGs have experienced due to major mergers. We observe a weak trend of the BCG pair fraction increasing with decreasing redshift, suggesting that major mergers may become more important towards the present day. Major mergers are found to contribute, on average, 24 ± 14 (29 ± 17) per cent towards the stellar mass of a present-day BCG since z = 0.32 (0.45), assuming that half of the companion's stellar mass is accreted on to the BCG. Furthermore, using our merger results in conjunction with predictions from two recent semi-analytical models along with observational measurements from the literature, we find that major mergers have sufficient stellar material to account for the stellar mass growth of the intracluster light between z = 0.3 and 0.