Abstract
Technological advances in robotics have already produced robots that are indistinguishable from human beings. This technology is overcoming the uncanny valley, which refers to the unpleasant feelings that arise from humanoid robots that are similar in appearance to real humans to some extent. If humanoid robots with the same appearance are mass-produced and become commonplace, we may encounter circumstances in which people or human-like products have faces with the exact same appearance in the future. This leads to the following question: what impressions do clones elicit? To respond to this question, we examined what impressions images of people with the same face (clone images) induce. In the six studies we conducted, we consistently reported that clone images elicited higher eeriness than individuals with different faces; we named this new phenomenon the clone devaluation effect. We found that the clone devaluation effect reflected the perceived improbability of facial duplication. Moreover, this phenomenon was related to distinguishableness of each face, the duplication of identity, the background scene in observing clone faces, and avoidance reactions based on disgust sensitivity. These findings suggest that the clone devaluation effect is a product of multiple processes related to memory, emotion, and face recognition systems.
Highlights
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and robotics have been improved at a remarkable and rapid pace
People may feel unpleasant when encountering humanoid robots the appearance of which is similar to a real human to some extent (i.e., Uncanny valley [3])
The results of analyses of variance (ANOVA) on the subjective eeriness scores revealed that the main effect of image conditions was significant (F(2, 222) = 33.76, p < .001, ηp2 = .23)
Summary
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and robotics have been improved at a remarkable and rapid pace. The abilities of AI and robots have become equal to or have exceeded those of human beings. AlphaGo, a computer Go program developed by Google DeepMind, has defeated human players at the game [1]. An AI robot developed by SoftBank, can read human emotions from facial expressions and vocal tones [2]. The abilities as well as the appearance of robots is becoming more human-like. People may feel unpleasant when encountering humanoid robots the appearance of which is similar to a real human to some extent (i.e., Uncanny valley [3]). Previous research on the uncanny valley phenomenon revealed that it occurs in response to humanoid
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