The Clinical Value of Postoperative Transarterial Chemoembolization for Resectable Patients with Intermediate Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Radical Hepatectomy: a Propensity Score-Matching Study

Abstract

Background and AimsSurgical resection for patients with intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is preferred in China, but the prognosis remains far from satisfactory. Postoperative transarterial chemoembolization (p-TACE) has been conducted prevalently to prevent recurrence, but its efficacy remains controversial. Hence, we collected the data from primary liver cancer big data (PLCBD) to investigate the clinical value of p-TACE for patients with intermediate HCC and identify the potential beneficiaries. MethodsPatients who were diagnosed with intermediate HCC between December 2012 and December 2015 were identified through the PLCBD. Disease-free survival (DFS) of patients who received p-TACE or not following radical resection was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves before and after 1:1 propensity scoring match (PSM). Subgroup analysis was conducted stratified by risk factors associated with recurrence. ResultsA total of 325 intermediate HCC patients receiving radical resection were eligible in this study, including 123 patients in the p-TACE group and 202 in the non-TACE group. Median DFS in the p-TACE group was significantly longer than in the non-TACE group (23.3 months vs. 18.0 months, P = 0.016) in the whole cohort with no severe complicates, which was confirmed in a well-matched cohort (17.4 months vs. 23.3 months, P = 0.012). In addition, p-TACE was identified as an independent risk factors of DFS by multivariate Cox regression analysis before and after PSM (both P < 0.05). After adjusting for other prognostic variables, patients were found to significantly benefit from p-TACE in DFS if they were male, or had hepatitis, diabetes, cirrhosis, AFP ≤ 400 ng/ml, anatomic hepatectomy, no severe surgical complication, no intraoperative transfusion, tumor number = 2, differentiation grading III, capsule, or had no transfusion (all P < 0.05). ConclusionWith the current data, we concluded that p-TACE was safe and efficient for the patients with intermediate HCC following radical resection, and male patients with hepatitis, diabetes, cirrhosis, AFP ≤ 400 ng/ml, anatomic hepatectomy, no severe surgical complication, no intraoperative transfusion, tumor number = 2, differentiation grading III, and capsule would benefit more from p-TACE.