Abstract
Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a global public health concern. Prevalence of ID and its association with age and other demographic factors is required for planning purpose in India. Psychiatric disorders are ubiquitous and affect not only adults but children and adolescents too. Also the age factor plays an important role in pattern of this psychiatric disorder. The objective of following is to study the clinical profile of intellectually disabled children in the study sample and prevalence of ID and its association with sex, age and other demographic factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 patients diagnosed as ID were included in this study from feburary-2104 to November-2018 record of patients visiting paediatric outdoor. Sex, age and living area were evaluated for each child. IQ was assessed by Seguin form board test (SFBT), Gesell’s Drawing Test (GDT), Coloured Progressive Matrices test and Standard Progressive Matrices test and adaptive skills by Vineland Social Maturity Scale. IQ was assessed by the clinical psychologist. Results: The prevalence of ID was 154 of the total disabilities recorded. Prevalence of ID with mild and moderate grade was higher among urban area (p=0.001) whereas case diagnosed as severe ID were more in rural area. Out of 154 patients 84% patients had significant co morbidity. The prevalence of mild & moderate grade ID was more with other group of disease (p=0.004) as compared to cases with cerebral palsy and ADHD. No notable sex difference was seen. Conclusion: Proper assessment centres for children with ID should be developed. Proper awareness, referral system, resources availability and regular follow up should be included in protocol management of ID. Provision for psycho-education for parents, teachers, society members must be a part of management protocol. Keywords: ID-Intellectual disabilities, Prevalence, IQ-Intelligent quotient, Psychiatric morbidity.
Highlights
Intellectual disability (ID) according to WHO has overall prevalence of 1.3% in global scenario. 1 This by itself suggests the magnitude of problem in terms of economy for a developing country like us
IQ was assessed by Seguin Form Board Test, Gassell’s Drawing Test, Coloured Progressive Matrices Test and Standard Progressive Matrics test and adaptive skills by Vineland Social Maturity Scale According to ICD-10, the level of severity of MR mild (IQ= 50-69), moderate (IQ= 35-49) AND severe (IQ=20-34)
The data obtained about various parameter categorized according to age group, sex, diagnosis and comorbidity were entered in Microsoft excel
Summary
ID according to WHO has overall prevalence of 1.3% in global scenario. 1 This by itself suggests the magnitude of problem in terms of economy for a developing country like us. 3,4 Prevalence of ID in India varies by age, gender and place of residency These demographic and geographical failures influence awareness of ID, its prevention and health care rehabilitation service. The issue of prevalence is very important for several errors including population prevention in intervention planning & education, rehabilitation planning and health care service. 5 In India, the larger population live in rural setting, with significantly higher rates of poverty, inaccessibility of health care and rehabilitation as compared to urban setting. The difference of prevalence between urban and rural settings with regard to age is needed for planning and development of services. The objective of following is to study the clinical profile of intellectually disabled children in the study sample and prevalence of ID and its association with sex, age and other demographic factors. Provision for psycho-education for parents, teachers, society members must be a part of management protocol
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