Abstract
Cat-scratch disease is an illness caused by Bartonella henselae that occurs as a result of contact with an infected kitten or dog, such as a bite or scratch. It is more prevalent in children and young adults, as well as immunocompromised individuals. There are limited publications examining the features of CSD in patients. As such, the purpose of this research was to assess the clinical neuro-ophthalmological consequences of CSD reported in the literature. Among the ophthalmologic disorders caused by cat-scratch disease in humans, Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome, uveitis, vitritis, retinitis, retinochoroiditis and optic neuritis are the most prevalent. The neurological disorders caused by cat-scratch disease in humans include encephalopathy, transverse myelitis, radiculitis, and cerebellar ataxia. The current review addresses the neuro-ophthalmological clinical manifestations of cat-scratch disease, as described in papers published over the last four decades (1980–2022). All the data gathered were obtained from PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. The current descriptive review summarizes the most-often-encountered clinical symptomatology in instances of cat-scratch disease with neurological and ocular invasion. Thus, the purpose of this review is to increase knowledge of cat-scratch disease’s neuro-ophthalmological manifestations.
Highlights
Cat-scratch disease (CSD), caused by Bartonella henselae, is a global anthropozoonosis that causes major public health issues
Even with the prompt initiation of treatment and the usage of various anticonvulsants, seizure management might not be achieved for several hours [173]. Due to their deep penetration of the central nervous system, the majority of researchers and doctors strongly advise a protocol of doxycycline and rifampin for 10–14 days [102], with a treatment course of 2–4 weeks in immunocompetent individuals and four months in immunosuppressed patients, but the antibiotic treatments used may vary in terms of the drug category and length of time
The period between the beginning of CSD and the commencement of encephalopathy is between days and two months
Summary
Cat-scratch disease (CSD), caused by Bartonella henselae, is a global anthropozoonosis that causes major public health issues. Our investigation retrieved papers from the PubMed and Medline databases. Relevant English-language articles from 1980 to 2022 were identified via a search using the phrases “cat scratch disease” and “Bartonella henselae infection”. Combined with “neurologic symptoms”, “ophthalmologic symptoms”, “neurology”, or “ophthalmology”. Another search combined the terms “cat scratch disease” and “Bartonella henselae infection” and the terms “Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome”, “uveitis”, ”vitritis”, ”retinitis”, “retinochoroiditis”, “optic neuritis”, “encephalopathy”, “myelitis”, and “radiculitis”. The inclusion criteria were articles from the scientific literature related to the cat-scratch disease, especially related to the subjects of neurology and ophthalmology. The exclusion criteria were animal research and illnesses other than cat-scratch disease. The papers retrieved via the search were examined, and the pertinent information is presented in this work as a narrative review
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