The clinical outcome of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery in the elderly patients.

Abstract

There has been a body of evidence showing that off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) may reduce morbidity and mortality in the elderly patients. We reviewed our experience, retrospectively, on elderly patients aged 75 years and older who were operated on using the OPCAB technique. We compared their outcome to a similar group of elderly patients who were operated on using conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during the same period of time. Registry data and patients' notes and charts were reviewed for 56 consecutive elderly OPCAB patients (age 78.5+/-3.5 years) and 87 consecutive CPB patients (age 77.2+/-2.4 years, P=0.01). Both groups had similar risk factor profiles: Parsonnet score 17.4+/-4.4 (OPCAB) versus 16.6+/-5.2 (CPB), P=0.19. We studied in detail their preoperative and postoperative data in order to compare the outcomes of both techniques. The length of stay in the intensive therapy unit (ITU) was 35.4+/-52.9h for OPCAB patients and 77.6+/-144.9h for CPB patients (P=0.0008). No patient died within 30 days in the OPCAB group, whilst ten (11%) CPB patients (P=0.0066) died within 30 days. The incidence of serious complications (including pulmonary oedema, septicaemia, permanent stroke and renal dysfunction requiring haemofiltration or haemodialysis) was one (2%) in the OPCAB group and 11 (13%) in the CPB group (P=0.028). CPB patients required a significantly higher number ten (12%) of intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) inserted compared to only one patient (2%) in the OPCAB group who required IABP insertion (P=0.05). Nine (11%) CPB patients were re-operated on for bleeding compared to no OPCAB patient (0%) needing re-operation, P=0.011. Although the mean age of the OPCAB group was significantly higher than the CPB group, the OPCAB group showed a significant reduction in postoperative serious morbidity, ITU stay and mortality. We believe that such a conclusion may have some effect on the decision-making and cost-effectiveness when performing coronary bypass surgery on the elderly population.