The clinical effect and tolerability of ezetimibe in high-risk patients managed in a specialty cardiovascular risk reduction clinic

Abstract

Ezetimibe (EZ) is a selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor approved for use in Canada. The effect and tolerability of EZ among patients was evaluated in the clinical setting of a specialty cardiovascular risk reduction clinic at the University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta. patients and All patients 18 years of age or older who were prescribed EZ were included, unless they failed to take EZ for a minimum of two weeks, did not have baseline and on-EZ low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, or had concomitant lipid-lowering drugs or dosages changed within one month of starting EZ. Eighty-four patients (mean age 57.9 years) were included. By Framingham risk calculation, 71.4% were found to be high-risk patients, 13.1% moderate-risk patients and 15.5% low-risk patients; 66.7% of patients had prior cardiovascular events. On EZ, the mean reductions were: total cholesterol level 1.11 mmol/L (16.5%); LDL-C level 1.01 mmol/L (22.3%); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level 0.06 mmol/L (4.6%); and ratio of total cholesterol level to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level 0.68 mmol/L (12.8%); all were statistically significant (P<0.001). Results were similar when stratified by primary (n=28) versus secondary (n=56) prevention. Patients on EZ monotherapy (n=34) had mean LDL-C reductions of 1.03 mmol/L (20.5%) compared with 1.19 mmol/L (30.1%) or 0.95 mmol/L (22.5%), where EZ was added to low-dose or high-dose statins (P<0.01 for all). On EZ, 30 patients (35.7%) achieved previously unattainable target LDL-C levels. Four patients discontinued the drug due to side effects. EZ is safe and effective in high-risk patients treated in the clinical setting of a cardiovascular risk reduction clinic. A mean LDL-C reduction of 1 mmol/L (20% to 30%) in all patient subgroups is consistent with previous clinical trial results. The significant reduction in LDL-C (mean 22.5%) observed in the EZ plus high-dose statin subgroup provides clinical evidence for use of this medication beyond published studies.