Abstract
Simple SummaryALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule) is an important regulator in human cancers, particularly solid tumours. Its expression in cancer tissues has prognostic values depending on cancer types and is also linked to distant metastases. A truncated form, soluble form of ALCAM (sALCAM) in circulation has been suggested to be a prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic tool. This article summarises recent findings and progress in ALCAM and its involvement in cancer, with a primary focus on its clinical connections and therapeutic values.Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166, is a cell adhesion protein that is found in multiple cell types. ALCAM has multiple and diverse roles in various physiological and pathological conditions, including inflammation and cancer. There has been compelling evidence of ALCAM’s prognostic value in solid cancers, indicating that it is a potential therapeutic target. The present article overviews the recent findings and progress in ALCAM and its involvement in cancer, with a primary focus on its clinical connections in cancer and therapeutic values.
Highlights
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), known as CD166, was discovered more than two decades ago and has been well established as a pivotal cell adhesion protein mediating both homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell adhesions in the body
A recent study has shown that ALCAM expression has a connection with the survival of patients with ovarian cancer, and this connection is dependent on the status of a mannosidase MAN1A1 (Mannosidase Alpha Class 1A Member 1) [13]
In human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), tumour tissues were found to have a high degree of staining of ALCAM, which was linked to tumour grade, TNM, and survival [45]
Summary
ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule), known as CD166, was discovered more than two decades ago and has been well established as a pivotal cell adhesion protein mediating both homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell adhesions in the body. Phoid tissues, skins or tissues with squamous cell types, and digestive system generally expressed low levels of ALCAM (B): protein expression levels in levels tissuesin(immunohistochemical staining)staining) from thefrom. It is established that ALCAM, via its intracellular domain, interacts with the ERM family of proteins (Ezrin, moesin, and radixin), which confers cell adhesion mechanism (Figure 2). Other ‘soil sensor reMCAMinclude (melanoma cell (melanoma adhesion molecule), NPTN-beta (neuroplastin beta), EMMPRIN ceptors’ Another beta), EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer), and TLR4 (toll-like restudy has demonstrated that cell surface is endocytosed for recycling by its ceptor 4) [8]. The authors of this study have shown that blocking endophilin-A3 markedly amount of cell surface ALCAM and ALCAM-mediated cell adhesiveness [9]
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