The Climatic Concepts of the Brothers of Safa/A study in geographical thought

Abstract

Muslim geographers studied the surface of the Earth since its inception and demonstrated the extent of the influence of the sun and moon rays on the surface of the planets. And their impressions of the gas envelope were in agreement with the theories of the Greeks. The study dealt with one of the bright minds in the history of Arab and Islamic thought, and to highlight the thinkers whose works emerged in the fourth century AH and they are the Brethren of Purity through their famous works known as the Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. The subject has been discussed. In terms of their birth, upbringing and intellectual activity, especially with regard to the climatic field, which is one of the branches of physical geography, including concepts and ideas related to the division of the atmosphere, an analysis of the most important elements of climate and visual weather phenomena, and a detailed explanation of applied climate as one of the branches of climatology. It came in the letters of the Brothers of Safa