Abstract
Urban and microclimate have intense relationship that affecting each other’s. Specific urban structure can affect microclimate because of high radiation generated. In the other side, urban structure blocks distribution of incoming wind. Urban structure changes how the microclimate influences the city. The successful urban structure can impact how outdoors open spaces are used meanwhile good open spaces are affected by how comfortable can be accepted. Microclimate control is the first element has to be considered to design comfortable outdoor open spaces. This research used monthly mean air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, vapor pressure, and wind velocity for the period 2009–20014 to simulate any type of microclimate situation that influence thermal comfort in the urban context. Data were collected from 3 selected meteorological stations in Jakarta and websites. PET (physiological equivalent temperature) is used to assess the value of thermal comfort in outdoor spaces. This study shows that hot-humid city has abundance solar radiation, which influences the heat in the urban area that need to be released immediately meanwhile because of the urban structure reduce the wind velocity that enter into the urban area, the city does not has strong energy to release the heat. So urban structure has to be well designed to make wind can release the heat trapped in the urban area.
Highlights
Research that concern in relationship of urban microclimate and urban structure in developing countries, like Indonesia, is crucial there are not many researchers involved and it is an important part of urban livable development
After calculated using CTIS, the result show 9.5% of time are in the slightly warm classes (PET >30°C) that happen in the nighttime from 9 pm to 5 am in Jakarta. 11% of warm condition occur at 7 am to 9 am, and 14% hot to very hot happen at midday (11 am to 3 pm) and 12% are comfortable (26°C < Physiological Equivalent temperature (PET)
The increasing wind speed almost does not have the effect of comfort level in the hot humid city, but decreasing the wind speed effect uncomfortable become higher 8%
Summary
Research that concern in relationship of urban microclimate and urban structure in developing countries, like Indonesia, is crucial there are not many researchers involved and it is an important part of urban livable development. Livable city represents how people in the city live in balance social, economy, and environmental. It should put the people at forefront of all its planning activities and recognize its natural assets, its citizens and its environment and build environment (UNEP, 2007). Their climate, their location, and natural features have to be considered effect the city planning and design. Especially in hot-humid country like Indonesia, people use open space along the year (Koerniawan, 2015). The outdoor open spaces in hot-humid city should be designed and maintained sustainability. In order to contribute to the sustainability of open space, the climatic guidelines should transfer into urban thermal comfort structure planning knowledge
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