Abstract
Climate services can contribute to alleviating a range of climate-sensitive development challenges, including those of agricultural production and food security. However, the use of climate data for research and applications in Africa has been scanty, mainly due to poor availability of and access to quality climate data. Weather stations are sparse, and their number has been declining. Access to existing climate data is a challenge mainly because of national data policies, low financial investment, lack of dissemination capacity and tools, and high access costs. The ENACTS (Enhancing National Climate Services) initiative led by the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) at Columbia University has been tackling this problem by working with National Meteorological Services (NMS) in Africa and in other developing countries. This initiative helps NMS to improve data availability and quality, by combining quality-controlled data from national observation networks with satellite estimates for rainfall and climate model reanalysis products for temperature. This requires access to an easy-to-use and freely available tool for preforming the tasks required to generate the data, as well as using the generated data. Most NMS in Africa do not have access to such a tool. To meet this significant need, the IRI developed such a tool in-house. This is the Climate Data Tool (CDT), which is an open-source, R-based software with an easy-to-use a graphical user interface (GUI). It can be used for data organization, quality control, combining station data with satellite and reanalysis data, evaluating merged and inputs datasets, performing an array of analyses, and visualization. The CDT software has been evolving over that last seven years with inputs from the NMS themselves. Now, it has become a powerful and user-friendly tool, and has been installed in over 20 countries in Africa alone.
Highlights
There has always been a close relationship between socio-economic development, human wellbeing, and a varying and changing climate
The Climate Data Tool (CDT) offers a suite of operations dedicated to data preparation (Figure 3), which include organizing observations from meteorological stations, assessing availability of observations, downloading, and processing proxy data
The examples presented are actual outputs from the relevant activities at the different National Meteorological Services (NMS) as part of the implementation of Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS)
Summary
There has always been a close relationship between socio-economic development, human wellbeing, and a varying and changing climate. The Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS) initiative of the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), Columbia University, has been helping countries to address such gaps in data quantity and quality, as well as access to and use of climate information products by working closely with National Meteorological Services (NMS) in Africa and beyond (Dinku et al, 2014, 2018). These NMS have the primary responsibility to provide observed and forecast weather information, climate information, and warnings of impending hydro-climatic threats to a variety of users, and any limitations in their data are felt widely.
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