The Client Assignment Problem for Continuous Distributed Interactive Applications

Abstract

Interactivity is a primary performance measure for distributed interactive applications (DIAs) that enable participants at different locations to interact with each other in real time. Wide geographical spreads of participants in large-scale DIAs necessitate distributed deployment of servers to improve interactivity. In a distributed server architecture, the interactivity performance depends on not only client-to-server network latencies but also inter-server network latencies as well as synchronization delays to meet the consistency and fairness requirements of DIAs. All of these factors are directly affected by how the clients are assigned to the servers. In this paper, we investigate the problem of effectively assigning clients to servers for maximizing the interactivity of DIAs. We focus on continuous DIAs that change their states not only in response to user operations but also due to the passing of time. We analyze the minimum achievable interaction time for DIAs to preserve consistency and provide fairness among clients, and formulate the client assignment problem as a combinational optimization problem. We prove that this problem is NP-complete. Four heuristic assignment algorithms are proposed and evaluated using real Internet latency data. The experimental results show that our proposed greedy algorithm generally produces near optimal interactivity and significantly reduces the interaction time between clients compared to the intuitive algorithm that assigns each client to its nearest server.