The classification of upwelling indicators base on sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a and upwelling index, the case study in Southern Java to Timor Waters

Abstract

The Understanding of the existence of upwelling, which concerning location, onset and ending, top temporally, strength, extent area are very important for the management of marine waters, especially fishing and conservation. A method is needed to identify the area of upwelling base on its indicators. The one method that is needed is to classify the upwelling indicator. The aim of the research is fist studying the method classification of upwelling criteria base on SST, chlorophyll-a and upwelling index. Second, apply classification of upwelling criteria for mapping upwelling area on four case climate variability and third examine the effect of ENSO and IOD on the variability of the upwelling area. The research result, based on SST, chlorophyll-a and upwelling index in the Indian Ocean south of Java to Timor with statistical methods, have successfully divided upwelling criteria into 4: weak upwelling, medium upwelling, strong upwelling and very strong upwelling. Based on the upwelling criteria, we can apply mapping the location of upwelling, to determine the spatial distribution and extent of upwelling in Indian Ocean waters southern of Java to Timor. Two indicators of upwelling SST and chlorophyll-a are more accurate in the application if be used together. The variability of ENSO and IOD significantly effected growing and reducing the range of upwelling indicator (SST, chlorophyll-a and upwelling index), but the IOD index much greater effecting than ENSO index (SOI).