Abstract
This study aims to analyse and reflect on the relationship between architecture and human neurodiversity. Individuals with different cognitive capabilities perceive and use space and it’s elements differently. Despite the fact that modern medicine has positively contributed toward and shift in social paradigm towards mental health and its impairments, the level of stigmatisation in the society is still relatively high, and very obvious in the European countries. A target group study examines architectural typology of psychiatric institutions of hospitals, sanatoria and social services establishments in Europe, with an emphasis on the historical context. Through the topic of care for people with mental health impairments it demonstrates the dynamic development of the role that architecture plays in relation to social interaction.
Highlights
Štúdia analyzuje vývoj a úlohu architektúry a urbanizmu vo vzťahu k sociálnej inklúzii v kontexte duševného zdravia v Európe od konca 18. storočia, kedy vznikali prvé komplexné modely starostlivosti o duševne chorých
One of the best documented cases is Victor of Aveyron, a boy who lived his childhood in social isolation in a forest
Asylums gained popularity as buildings where the “insane” could be nursed back to health and replaced “mad-houses” – institutions that functioned as prisons and showed little regard for patients’ quality of life
Summary
The first written records of autistic tendencies date to the early 19th century. One of the best documented cases is Victor of Aveyron, a boy who lived his childhood in social isolation in a forest. It was generally accepted that people with mental disorders were a threat to public safety This fear gave rise to the establishment of public asylums, aimed at detaining and isolating psychiatric patients.[11] Asylums gained popularity as buildings where the “insane” could be nursed back to health and replaced “mad-houses” – institutions that functioned as prisons and showed little regard for patients’ quality of life. This perspective assumed that mental illness was something purely physical and, presumably, curable like physical ailments.[12]. A number of radical physical therapies were developed in Europe between the 1910s and the 1930s.19
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