Abstract
Recently, Spain has enacted legislation that addresses victims of different kinds. From victims of ETA terrorist acts to others of varying origins, these laws addressed an ever broadening range of vulnerabilities for the average everyday individual. In this article, we are interested in discussing the emergence and increase of this kind of legislation, as a trend that promotes the construction of a new subjective type: the victim. Victims in contemporary societies seem to be gaining ground as central figures simultaneously, integrating themselves alongside the average citizen. We will analyze the broadening aspects of the Victims using three distinct stages: first focusing on their political nature, showing a breaking point with the monopoly of ETA victims in public perception, which led to progressive legislative awareness and concern of other kinds of victims. This became a ongoing political trigger. Secondly, broadening the definition of Victim brought it closer to situations, directly connected to “vulnerable citizens”. Lastly, addressing the category itself through a new expression of “citizen-victim”.
Highlights
En los últimos años han aparecido en España leyes de víctimas: del llamado terrorismo de ETA, de otros terrorismos y, en un suceder que continúa hasta el presente, de un amplio espectro de vulnerabilidades que se amplían y tienden a tocar al común de la población
From victims of ETA terrorist acts to others of varying origins, these laws addressed an ever broadening range of vulnerabilities for the average everyday individual
We are interested in discussing the emergence and increase of this kind of legislation, as a trend that promotes the construction of a new subjective type: the victim
Summary
En los últimos años han aparecido en España leyes de víctimas: del llamado terrorismo de ETA, de otros terrorismos y, en un suceder que continúa hasta el presente, de un amplio espectro de vulnerabilidades que se amplían y tienden a tocar al común de la población. Analizamos este fenómeno en tres pasos: el primero concierne a las víctimas de raíz política, muestra el quiebre en el monopolio de las víctimas de ETA y el progresivo acceso a la preocupación del legislador de otras, también de signo político; el segundo tecnifica el sentido de la condición de víctima acercándolo a las situaciones más ordinarias de los “ciudadanos vulnerables”; el último llega hasta la universalización de la categoría a través de una manifestación normativa que parece referir ya a un “ciudadano-víctima”
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