Abstract
The circuit and network analysis of some signal separation structures constituting a microwave six-port reflectometer are presented. An interconnection of five of these structures composing a six-port network analyzer is also presented. In order to validate the responses, a circuit analysis following the signals from source to detectors, is performed. The complete structure constituting the six-port network analyzer is composed by a 6 dB directional coupler, a four stage 3 dB Wilkinson power divider and three quadrature couplers providing 3 dB, which are formed by two 8.34 dB tandem couplers.
Highlights
The six-port structures are used to build reflectometers and network analyzers
A six-port reflectometer is a system to indirectly measure the reflection coefficient of passive and active one-port and n-port devices on a reference plane located at the device itself or at any point of a transmission line
The circuit and network analysis properties are profited to design a single six-port reflectometer composed by a 6 dB directional coupler, a four stage 3 dB Wilkinson power divider and three quadrature couplers providing 3 dB, which are formed by two 8.34 dB tandem couplers (Fig. 1); and a dual six-port network analyzer composed by the interconnection of two single six-port reflectometers (Fig. 2)
Summary
The six-port structures are used to build reflectometers and network analyzers. A six-port reflectometer is a system to indirectly measure the reflection coefficient (magnitude and phase) of passive and active one-port and n-port devices (port-by-port) on a reference plane located at the device itself or at any point of a transmission line. An advisable alternative to design a wide band 3 dB quadrature coupler will be conceiving it as a cascade connection of two 8.34 dB directional couplers [1,2] Before numbering the steps to design the signal separation structures, it is important to mention that, the original idea was to design the six-port for a bandwidth of 2 to 8 GHz, but owing to the design restrictions (mainly because of the manufacturer’s fixed dimensions of the dielectrics) only a bandwidth of 3.5 GHz (1.25 to 4.75 GHz) was obtained This limitation on the bandwidth is generated because the three layer structures should share the same dimensions on their dielectric thickness and conducting layers. The steps to design the signal separation structures (Q1, Q2, Q3, 6 dB and H) in order to obtain a priori known of their dimensions, and for planning its final incorporation on the six-port structure are listed
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