Abstract

Abstract On 6 June 1861, in a malarial delirium, Count Camillo di Cavour uttered Montalembert’ s formula, <a free church in a free state’ , to the priest who had come to administer last rites to the excommunicated prime minister. Subsequent premiers of Italy would share his fixation and frustration with the Roman Question, which remained a thorn in the side of all liberal regimes. The Vatican did not acknowledge the reality of the united Kingdom until 1929. Papal disaffection from high politics perforce limited the nature of representative democracy in a predominantly Catholic country, and it underscored the narrowness of the Italian political class.

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