The chronic kidney disease perception scale (CKDPS): development and construct validation

Haryati Anuar,Mohd Ihsani Mahmood,Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor,Shamsul Azhar Shah

doi:10.1186/s12882-020-02028-9

Haryati Anuar, Mohd Ihsani Mahmood + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-020-02028-9

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Abstract

BackgroundChronic kidney disease has become a major health problem around the world. It displays no symptoms until the later stages. Therefore, its early detection is crucial, and a suitable intervention is necessary to halt its development. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a recently formulated Chronic Kidney Disease Perception Scale (CKDPS) for diabetic patients based on Social Psychology, and their perceptions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM).MethodsThe newly developed CKDPS instrument was tested on 300 patients with diabetes mellitus in a cross-sectional study. The number of domains, model-fit index, construct validity, and internal consistency of this instrument were determined using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).ResultsThe EFA yielded nine domains: illness identity, timeline motivation, medical practice and co-operation for Social Psychology, and perceived benefit, perceived barriers, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived cue to action for HBM. Four items with low factor loading were removed. CFA yielded the following fit indices for Social Psychology: the goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.889, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.934, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.053, normed chi-square (NC) = 1.831; and the following for HBM: GFI = 0.834, CFI = 0.957, RMSEA = 0.053, NC = 1.830. Values of Cronbach’s α ranged between 0.760 and 0.909.ConclusionsThe CKDPS includes 61 questions across nine domains, divided under two categories of Social Psychology and HBM. It is also a valid and reliable tool for measuring diabetic patients’ perception of CKD prevention that can be used in larger studies.

Highlights

Chronic kidney disease has become a major health problem around the world
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), known as chronic kidney failure, is defined as a gradual kidney function loss over at least 3 months, posing a major health problem. It has skyrocketed into a growing epidemic, with over 20 million individuals having some degree of kidney failure
A principal component analysis (PCA) of the Chronic Kidney Disease Perception Scale (CKDPS) was carried out, to investigate the Social Psychology domain dataset with a KMO value of 0.789 and Bartlett’s sphericity test at p < 0.001

Summary

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease has become a major health problem around the world It displays no symptoms until the later stages. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major health problem affecting different aspects of human life around the world. It is often called a silent killer because it displays no symptoms until the later stages. CKD, known as chronic kidney failure, is defined as a gradual kidney function loss over at least 3 months, posing a major health problem In developing countries, it has skyrocketed into a growing epidemic, with over 20 million individuals having some degree of kidney failure. There are about 26 million American adults reporting CKD and millions more are

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