Abstract
BackgroundThis study was conducted in order to elucidate the effects of cyanide (CN−) as sodium cyanide on oxidative parameters in the tissues of birds (Gallus domesticus L.) exposed to CN− directly by gavage and indirectly through their feed.ResultsLipid peroxidation (LPO) level and activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in the kidney, liver, heart, and brain of the (CN−) exposed birds. LPO was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in a dose-dependent manner in all the tissues of birds exposed to CN− directly and indirectly (feed), while CAT and SOD activities were concomitantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner regardless of the mode of exposure. However, it is noteworthy that the effect of CN− was more pronounced in the tissues of birds administered (CN−) directly.ConclusionsThe study reveals that direct and indirect exposure of birds to CN− by gavage and food respectively induced oxidative stress. These findings were corroborated by the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and brain.
Highlights
This study was conducted in order to elucidate the effects of cyanide (CN−) as sodium cyanide on oxidative parameters in the tissues of birds (Gallus domesticus L.) exposed to CN− directly by gavage and indirectly through their feed
Cyanide bioaccumulation in the liver, kidney, brain, and heart of birds exposed to cyanide directly by gavage and indirectly in their feed The result in Table 1 showed the presence of CN− in all the organs of the birds in all the groups including the control birds at the end of each exposure interval
A dose-dependent increase in the level of cyanide was observed in the organs of birds exposed to CN− directly and those given the CN− in their feed
Summary
This study was conducted in order to elucidate the effects of cyanide (CN−) as sodium cyanide on oxidative parameters in the tissues of birds (Gallus domesticus L.) exposed to CN− directly by gavage and indirectly through their feed. One of such raw material that has been used locally in Nigeria is cassava, but the use of cassava as raw material in the feed industry has two major disadvantages or rather limitations and these include its low crude protein content of about 1–3% (Badejo, 2018; Morgan & Choct, 2016) and the synthesis and storage of cyanogenic glycosides present in its tuber. The toxicity of these cyanogenic glycosides has been attributed to their release of cyanide. Most of these studies focussed on the acute and not the chronic effect of cyanide
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