Abstract
BackgroundWe evaluated the cholesterol lowering efficacy of low-fat spoonable yoghurt with 1.9 g/d plant stanols as esters on plasma lipid profiles of Turkish subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.MethodsUsing a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study design, intervention (n = 35) and control (n = 35) groups consumed either 115 g low-fat yoghurt with 1.9 g/d plant stanols as esters or placebo yoghurt, respectively, for 4 weeks. Seventy subjects with untreated mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia (aged 23-65 years) were recruited. Changes in the lipid profile, including lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and triglycerides, and anthropometric measurements were monitored at screening, baseline, and at the end of the second, third, and fourth weeks of intervention. The general linear model repeated measures procedure was used to test differences in the repeated continuous variables between study groups.ResultsSerum total cholesterol (4.6%), LDL cholesterol (6.3%), and non-HDL cholesterol (6.2%) concentrations were reduced significantly from baseline in the plant stanol group compared to the control group (p = 0.007, p = 0.005 and p = 0.005, respectively). A variation in the response of serum total and LDL cholesterol between the subjects in plant stanol group was obtained. No clinically significant change in anthropometrical measurements was observed during the intervention.ConclusionsThe spoonable low-fat yoghurt with 1.9 g/d plant stanols as esters lowered total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol levels in Turkish subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. Nevertheless variation in baseline cholesterol levels, genetic predisposition of the subjects and compliance may contribute to a large individual variability.
Highlights
We evaluated the cholesterol lowering efficacy of low-fat spoonable yoghurt with 1.9 g/d plant stanols as esters on plasma lipid profiles of Turkish subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia
Several studies have consistently shown that the intake of 2 g/d of plant sterols/stanols is associated with reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol levels [7,8,9,10]
The wide variety seen in the LDL cholesterol responses among different studies can be accounted for by the food matrix supplemented with plant stanols, the form of stanol, the dose of stanol, the ingestion of the stanols with or without a meal, the frequency consumption of products with stanols, the background diet, the baseline LDL cholesterol levels, and the subject’s genotype [20]
Summary
We evaluated the cholesterol lowering efficacy of low-fat spoonable yoghurt with 1.9 g/d plant stanols as esters on plasma lipid profiles of Turkish subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. Elevated serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle modification, including physical activity and dietary changes, is recognised as the first step towards reducing LDL cholesterol levels in individuals with mild to moderate hypercholesterolaemia. Plant sterols are botanical analogues of cholesterol, and plant stanols are saturated sterols [5]. Several studies have consistently shown that the intake of 2 g/d of plant sterols/stanols is associated with reduced LDL and total cholesterol levels [7,8,9,10].
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