Abstract
Background: We examined whether daily step counts under free-living conditions differed among four types of pedometers used by primary school children. Methods: In Study one, we compared the Yamax SW-200 (widely used in research) and the Kenz Lifecorder (accelerometer-based pedometer) in 30 children (6–12 years). In Study two, after confirming good correlation between these devices, we used Kenz Lifecorder as the criterion device and compared it with the Yamasa EX-200 (pants pocket-type pedometer) and the Omron Active style Pro (accelerometer-based pedometer) among 48 (7–12 years) or 108 children (7–12 years). Results: In Study one, comparable mean step counts between pedometers were observed. The correlation was strong (r = 0.91); the average difference between these two pedometers was +4.5%. In Study two, the average differences between Kenz Lifecorder and Yamasa EX-200 and Kenz Lifecorder and Omron Active style Pro were −7.9% and −18.2%, respectively, and those were not significantly equivalent according to the two one-sided-tests method. The correlations between Yamasa or Omron Active style Pro and Lifecorder were moderate and strong, respectively. Conclusions: The choice of pedometer had a substantial impact on step counts. A consensus on the appropriate pedometer for quantifying daily step counts is needed for evidence-based recommendations for health promotion.
Highlights
Physical activity guidelines for young people have been available since the 1980’s
According to the two-one-sided-tests method, the 90% confidence interval of (−18, 938) was completely inside the equivalence region of (−1000, 1000), which indicates that steps measured by Kenz Lifecorder were significantly equivalent to steps measured by Yamax SW-200, with the average difference being 4.5 ± 13.4% and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) being 10.1 ± 9.7%
Steps measured by Kenz Lifecorder were not significantly equivalent from steps measured by Yamasa EX-200 and Omron Active style Pro according to the two-one-sided-tests method (the 90% confidence intervals of (−1690, −806) and (−2786, −2389) were not inside the equivalence region for Yamasa EX-200 and Omron Active style Pro, respectively), with the average difference being 7.9 ± 21.3% and 18.2 ± 10.1% and MAPE being 14.8 ± 17.1% and
Summary
Physical activity guidelines for young people have been available since the 1980’s. Currently, most of these guidelines recommend at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity per day [1]. Tudor-Locke et al [2] reviewed the existing literature on objectively monitored step-defined physical activity in children to provide researchers, practitioners, and lay people who use accelerometers and pedometers with an evidence-based translation of these public health guidelines in terms of steps/day. They showed that 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity in primary/elementary school children appears to be achieved, on average, within a total range of. Methods: In Study one, we compared the Yamax SW-200 (widely used in research) and the Kenz Lifecorder (accelerometer-based pedometer) in 30 children (6–12 years).
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