THE CHERRY’S GENERATIVE ORGANS RESISTANCE TO SPRING FROST

Abstract

Due to unstable weather conditions at the beginning initially the vegetation period of sweet cherry variety are exposed to stress factors. In this paper the experimental studies were summarized on the resistance of a cherry variety to spring frosts during 2016–2017. The researches were conducted in the laboratory of resistance physiology of fruit crops at the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). Cherry cultivars developed at the VNIISPK were investigated. The main aim of the research was to study cherry variety the spring frost and introduced plants and to reveal the plants resistant to climatic conditions of at spring period in the middle zone of Russia. The resistance of cherry cultivars to spring frosts for rapid diagnostics was used by artificial freezing. Early in May, -1°C, -2°C and -3°C frosts were modeled in a climatic chamber. It was determined that in flower buds and opened flowers cherry the pistils perished from the frost while stamens remained undamaged. The resistance of generative organs in cherry cultivars ‘Podarok Uchitelyam’, ‘Proshalnaya’ ‘Shokoladnica’ studied to spring frost was identified as - 1°C. The flower buds in all cherry cultivars were not damaged. Further temperature lowering intensified before -2°С и -3°С the damages of flowers and flower buds. As a result of the investigation the significant varietal variability in hardiness to spring frosts -3°С. The potential a resistance have valued to negative temperature of generative organs beside under study cherry cultivars. The experiment allowed revealing the largest biological potential of resistance to spring frosts developed at the VNIISPK was investigated in ‘Shokoladnica’.