Abstract
The chemorheology of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin, PF mixed with ammonium salt lignosulfonate (ALS) filler, and PF mixed with methyloated ALS (MALS) filler was studied in order to characterize their isothermal cure behaviours. The results show that both ALS and MALS have a lower reactivity than PF and act as diluents in the resin. The cure rate of the resin decreases when increasing the ALS or MALS content in the PF. In addition the cure rate constant increases when PF is mixed with ALS and decreases when PF is mixed with MALS. These results are in agreement with those obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.) studies. The viscosity can also be expressed as a function of the cure degree, which is calculated from the kinetic parameters of the d.s.c. measurements by using the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation. This expression gives a better calculated profile than does the dual Arrhenius model, in particular for PF mixed with filler, above the gel point.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
