Abstract
Dictyophora indusiata (Vent. Ex. Pers.) Fischer or Phallus indusiatus is an edible member of the higher mushroom phylum of Basidiomycetes. Known for its morphological elegance that gave it the names bridal veil fungus, veiled lady or queen of the mushrooms, it has numerous medicinal values that are beginning to be acknowledged through pharmacological efficacy studies. In an attempt to promote research on this valuable natural resource, the present communication aims to provide a comprehensive review of the chemistry, pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of extracts and compounds isolated from D. indusiata. Of the bioactive compounds, the chemistry of the polysaccharides as major bioactive components primarily the β-(1→3)-D-glucan with side branches of β-(1→6)-glucosyl units are discussed, while small molecular weight compounds include terpenoids and alkaloids. Biochemical and cellular mechanisms of action from general antioxidant and anti-inflammatory to more specific signaling mechanisms are outlined along with potential applications in cancer and immunotherapy, neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases, etc. Further research areas and limitations of the current scientific data are also highlighted.
Highlights
Dictyophora indusiata (Vent.) Fisch. is an edible and medicinal mushroom that belongs to the familyPhallaceae of the Agaricomycetes class of fungi
The lipopolysaccharides were shown to suppress endotoxemia and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, while the expression of tight-junction associated proteins were increased. All these anti-inflammatory effects coupled with improvement of the gut microbiota and restoration of tight junction and mucus barriers demonstrated by Kanwal et al [49] imply the potential immunomodulatory effect of D. indusiata polysaccharides
Considerable attention has been given to higher basidiomycete which are considered as medicinal mushrooms based on their nutritional value and therapeutic implications
Summary
Dictyophora indusiata (Vent.) Fisch. is an edible and medicinal mushroom that belongs to the family. The composition of carbohydrates can reach up to 47% of the dry weight of which the soluble polysaccharides are about 38%, while crude fibres and crude proteins contents are which the soluble polysaccharides are about 38%, while crude fibres and crude proteins contents are about 29% and 6% respectively [1]. In this communication, the emphasis is on the compositions of about 29% and 6% respectively [1].
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