Abstract
There are many rapidly evolving technologies that use simple papers as a surface for chemical reactions and detection of molecules. One example of this application is the use of paper as a surface for ionization and introduction of compounds into mass spectrometry. The current work was designed to investigate mechanisms of interaction between the paper and analytes using mass spectrometry as the detection instrument. Standard compounds with different sizes were used in this study. Factors investigated include the effects of the paper geometry (5 mm) and position (tp=90º) were found to be optimal. The role of atmospheric water and the effects of paper porosity were affected the signals of the tested compounds. Investigations of the interaction of standard solutions with the paper surface indicated that atmospheric water is required for ionization. Up to three water molecules were detected in association with the analytes indicating that the presence of some water is required. In addition, this study showed the potential of silicon dioxide nanoparticles for eluting the standards compound from the paper surface. The impact of trace elements in the commercial papers and the interactions between the paper cellulose with different classes of analytes was investigated.
Highlights
Several recent projects have developed new analytical instruments and tools using paper as a substrate for chemical reactions and analyte detection
The physical properties of the paper substrate were optimized in order to investigate the interactions of the paper with the surrounding environment during analysis, we hypothesized that ionization mechanism and efficiency are affected by several factors, which are discussed as below. 4.1 Importance of the Corona Discharge The corona discharge was seen when the custom Paper Spray Ionization (PSI) apparatus was too close to the inlet cone
Studies of the degradation of paper demonstrated that the paper surface is not inert and paper-compounds can be introduced into the sample matrix thereby complicating the analysis
Summary
Several recent projects have developed new analytical instruments and tools using paper as a substrate for chemical reactions and analyte detection. Paper Spray Ionization (PSI) is a relatively new ambient ionization technique for mass spectrometry (Kim et al, 2018; Yu et al, 2018; Liu et al, 2017; Bills, &Manicke, 2016; Carvalho et al, 2016; Liu et al, 2010; Wang, Liu, Cooks, & Ouyang, 2010) that allows for the direct detection of analytes from the paper surface. In Paper Spray Ionization (PSI) a triangular shaped filter paper substrate is used to collect a sample and analyte ions are produced by applying a high electric field and a flush of solvent (Liu et al, 2010; Wang et al, 2010; Espy, Muliadi, quyang, Cooks, 2012). The overall objective of this study was to determine the chemistry of the paper and identifying any possible chemical interferences introduced by paper substrates
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